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Description
-----------

   LoopTool is a source to source transformation tool designed to improve the memory 
   performance of large scale scientific applications. A core set of loop transformations
   has been implemented in the tool in an integrated fashion. LoopTool is aimed for use
   by scientists and application programmers who use hand-transformation methods to improve
   the performance of applications. Many of these hand-transformation techniques are 
   performed automatically in this tool.

   One of the key features of LoopTool is the precise control that is provided for each 
   optmization parameter. Through the use of source code annotation and command line 
   parameters, a user can select individual transformations and parameters for each loop 
   in the program. Thus LoopTool provides much more fine-grain control of transformations
   than is available in most commercial compilers. 


Current Release
_______________

   The current release is a i686-Linux binary. The language supported by this version 
   is F77.


Usage:
_____


        LoopTool [-h] -M <modulename> [-options] 

    
        - h             Prints usage information

        - M modulename  modulename is the name of an annotated F77 source file. 
                        See the annotation section for a description of the annotation mechanism. 
   
        - g             apply guard-free code generation. This option must be turned on if 
                        unroll-and-jam is being applied to one or more loops. The guard-free
                        core generation flag can be set for individual loops using source code
                        annotation

        - j             apply unroll-and-jam. The unroll factors for each loop is taken from 
                        the source code annotation. The -g flag needs to be turned on.

        - r             apply storage reduction

        - b             apply blocking. The blocking factors for each loop is taken from source
                        code annotation. 

        -               fusion is performed automatically. Agressiveness of the algorithm  and the 
                        candidate loops for fusion are specified using source code annotation


Source Code Annotation
______________________


    Information about transformations and their parameters is supplied to LoopTool 
    through annotations in the source code. An annotation statement appears in the 
    code as a comment line that begins with the directive keyword dir$. An annotation
    statement can be associated with any loop in the program. To associate an annotation
    statement with a particular loop the statement has to be placed right before the 
    loop header statment. 
    
    The format of the annotation statements is as follows:

        cdir$ transformation_name transformation_param

    where 
          the pair transformation_name and transformation_parameter is one of the following 

               fuse fuse_id
               uj factor
               block factor
               clip flag

    The semantics of each of these annotations is described below. 


   
    fuse fuse_id:   The fuse directive is used to specify a fusion group for each loop in the 
                    program. LoopTool will attempt to fuse loops within the same fusion 
                    group at the same nesting depth. Any integer >= 1 is a valid value for 
                    fuse_id. If no fuse_id is specified then that loop is put into its own
                    fusion group and is not fused with any other loops. 


    uj factor:      The uj directive is used to specify the unroll amounts for loops. If 
                    the directive is associated with an outer loop then the value of factor is
                    used for unroll-and-jamming the outer loop. In the case of the innermost loop
                    it is used for unrolling of that loop. 

                    A value of n for factor implies that the loop in quesion will be unrolled
                    n - 1 times, resulting in n loop bodies. No unrolling is performed if the 
                    unroll directive is not present. 


    block factor:   The block directive is used to specify the blocking factor for loops. Any 
                    value >= 1 is legal for the block factor.  


    clip flag:      The clip flag is used to specify if  guards will be lifted along
                    a particular dimension of a loop nest. A value of 1 turns on 
                    guard-free code generation. The default is set to 0. 
                    
                    The clip flag should be set to 1 if performing unroll-and-jam on. 
                    This is required for generating preloops for loops that are not exact 
                    multiples of unroll amounts



Examples:
________


    Following is an example of using the LoopTool with the Livermore 14 kernel (liv14.f).


    1. Annotate code with fusion, blocking and unroll-and-jam directives:

          c     dir$ fuse 1
          c     dir$ block 16
          c     dir$ unroll 4
                do k= 1,n
                  vx(k)= 0.0d0
                  ...
                enddo

          c     dir$ fuse 1
                do   k= 1,n
                   vx(k)= vx(k) + ex1(k) + (xx(k) - xi(k)) * dex1(k)
                   ...
                enddo

          c     dir$ fuse 1
                do  k= 1,n
                    rh(INT(ir(k)))= rh(INT(ir(k))) + fw - rx(k)
                    ...
                enddo


     2. Run LoopTool on the annotated F77 file

            LoopTool -M liv14.f -g -j -b 


      
     3. Transformed source code written to liv14.gen.f



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